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family-panel-close-header grid gx-0 align-items-center border-bottom bg-white rounded-tl-lg rounded-tr-lg shadow"> <div class="col"> <div class="p-15 text-truncate"> <a class="font-serif font-weight-bold font-14 text-black link-blue" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Botswana">博茨瓦纳< /a> </div> </div> <div class="col-auto"> <button class="js-sections-close-button btn-link btn-sm btn py-5 pl-0 pr-10 mr-10"><em class="material-icons " data-icon="close"></em></button> </div> </div> <div class="section-content pt-10 pb-15 pr-10 pl-5 h-100 shadow"> <div class="toc ARTICLE mb-20"> <ul class="list-unstyled mb-0" data-level="h1"> <li data-target="#ref1"><a class="ml-25" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Botswana">介绍&快速的事实< /a> <div class="ml-40 toc-drawer sub-toc-drawer"></div></li> <li data-target="#ref43876"> <div class="d-flex align-items-center"> <button class="h1-link-drawer-button btn btn-xs btn-circle d-flex rounded" type="button" aria-label="Toggle Heading"><em class="material-icons font-18" 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href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Botswana/Government-and-society">教育< /a></li> </ul> </div></li> <li data-target="#ref43897"> <div class="d-flex align-items-center"> <div class="ml-25"></div> <a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Botswana/Government-and-society">文化生活< /a> </div> <div class="ml-40 toc-drawer sub-toc-drawer"></div></li> <li data-target="#ref129469"> <div class="d-flex align-items-center"> <button class="h1-link-drawer-button btn btn-xs btn-circle d-flex rounded" type="button" aria-label="Toggle Heading"><em class="material-icons font-18" data-icon="keyboard_arrow_right"></em></button> <a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Botswana/History">历史< /a> </div> <div class="ml-40 toc-drawer sub-toc-drawer"> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h2"> <li data-target="#ref43899"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Botswana/History">早期的田园和农业民族< /a> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h3"> <li data-target="#ref43900"><a class="w-100" 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href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Botswana/History">茨瓦纳语的发展状态< /a> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h3"> <li data-target="#ref43907"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Botswana/History">战争时期< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h3"> <li data-target="#ref43908"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Botswana/History">繁荣的贸易国家< /a></li> </ul></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h2"> <li data-target="#ref43909"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Botswana/British-protectorate">英国的保护国< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h2"> <li data-target="#ref43910"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Botswana/British-protectorate">推进独立< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h2"> <li data-target="#ref43911"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Botswana/Botswana-since-independence">博茨瓦纳独立以来< /a></li> </ul> </div></li> </ul> </div> <div class="toc FAST_FACTS"> <div class="label pb-5 ml-15"> 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class="list-unstyled mb-0 pb-20 " data-level="h1"> <li data-target="#More-Articles"><a class="w-95 ml-25" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Botswana/additional-info" rel="nofollow">更多关于这个主题的文章< /a></li> <li data-target="#Additional-Reading"><a class="w-95 ml-25" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Botswana/additional-info" rel="nofollow">更多的阅读< /a></li> <li data-target="#contributors-Botswana"><a class="w-95 ml-25" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Botswana/additional-info" rel="nofollow">贡献者< /a></li> <li data-target="#history-Botswana"><a class="w-95 ml-25" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Botswana/additional-info" rel="nofollow">文章历史< /a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <button class="drawerToggle btn position-sticky border btn-xs btn-white btn-circle rounded d-none d-lg-flex " type="button" aria-label="Toggle Drawer"><em class="material-icons font-18" data-icon="keyboard_arrow_left"></em></button> </div> </div> <div class="col"> <div class="container p-0 p-sm-20 ml-0"> <div class="grid gx-0 gx-sm-20"> <div class="col-sm mendel-content-rail"> <div class="border-top"></div> <div class="infinite-pagination-container"> <div class="grey-box w-100 "> <div class="topic-content pt-sm-15"> <div class="mt-60 mt-sm-0"></div>  <span class="marker before-article"></span>  <span class="marker h5"></span> <section id="ref43893" data-level="1"> <h1 class="h1">政府和社会< /h1>  <section id="ref43894" data-level="2"> <h2 class="h2">宪法框架< /h2> <p class="topic-paragraph">根据1966年宪法(因为修改),博茨瓦纳共和国是一个多党。总统,他作为国家元首和政府,是间接选举产生,任期五年和有限的10年。的<a href="//www.rctutku.com/topic/National-Assembly-historical-French-parliament" class="md-crosslink autoxref" data-show-preview="true">国民大会< /a>由当选成员(由成人普选产生)和少量的依据职权成员和指定成员由执政的政党提名;所有成员的任期为五年。Ntlo丫Dikgosi (<span id="ref1065220"></span>首领)是在一个重要的咨询作用的立法属于部落法律和习俗。它由常任理事国(代表每个八茨瓦纳语“部落”)和成员选择的五年任期。博茨瓦纳的<a href="//www.rctutku.com/topic/judiciary" class="md-crosslink autoxref" data-show-preview="true">司法系统< /a>由高等法院、上诉法院和几个地方法院。< /p>  <span class="marker p1"></span>  <span class="marker AM1 am-inline"></span>  <span class="marker MOD1 mod-inline"></span> </section> <section id="ref282042" data-level="2"> <h2 class="h2">当地政府< /h2> <p class="topic-paragraph">地方议会,农村和城市,自1969年以来当选同时与国家议会选举。地方议会的力量是有限的,中央政府提名的权利依据职权投票成员,由中央政府任命监督地区专员和规划人员。< /p>  <span class="marker p2"></span>  <span class="marker AM2 am-inline"></span>  <span class="marker MOD2 mod-inline"></span> </section> <section id="ref282043" data-level="2"> <h2 class="h2">政治进程< /h2> <p class="topic-paragraph">独立以来,博茨瓦纳每五年举行了自由选举和保持相对廉洁<a class="md-dictionary-link md-dictionary-tt-off mw" data-term="bureaucracy" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/bureaucracy" data-type="MW">官僚主义< /a>和司法尊重<a href="//www.rctutku.com/topic/human-rights" class="md-crosslink autoxref" data-show-preview="true">人权< /a>和<a href="//www.rctutku.com/topic/rule-of-law" class="md-crosslink autoxref" data-show-preview="true">法治< /a>。政府也增加资源分布广泛,如果不是同样的人。< /p>  <span class="marker p3"></span>  <span class="marker AM3 am-inline"></span>  <span class="marker MOD3 mod-inline"></span> <p class="topic-paragraph">执政党,每隔五年首次当选总统,1965年连任之后,是<span id="ref751271"></span><a href="//www.rctutku.com/topic/Botswana-Democratic-Party" class="md-crosslink">博茨瓦纳民主党< /a>。其在选举中绝大多数都是基于农村支持;反对党力量通常来自城市地区。博茨瓦纳人民党是主要的反对党在1960年代,当城市小。的<span id="ref1040563"></span><a href="//www.rctutku.com/topic/Botswana-National-Front" class="md-crosslink">博茨瓦纳国民阵线< /a>后来成为主要的反对党,增长力量尤其是城市议会从1970年代到1998年,一些成员离开时形成了博茨瓦纳国大党;此后双方担任主要反对执政党。< /p>  <span class="marker p4"></span>  <span class="marker AM4 am-inline"></span>  <span class="marker MOD4 mod-inline"></span> </section> <section id="ref43896" data-level="2"> <h2 class="h2">健康和福利< /h2> <p class="topic-paragraph">博茨瓦纳有干燥和温暖的气候<a class="md-dictionary-link md-dictionary-tt-off mw" data-term="conducive" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/conducive" data-type="MW">有利< /a>良好的健康。热带diseases-notably的发病率<a href="//www.rctutku.com/science/malaria" class="md-crosslink" data-show-preview="true">疟疾< /a>血吸虫病(<a href="//www.rctutku.com/science/schistosomiasis" class="md-crosslink" data-show-preview="true">血吸虫病< /a>),<a href="//www.rctutku.com/science/sleeping-sickness" class="md-crosslink" data-show-preview="true">昏睡病< /a>是有限的<a href="//www.rctutku.com/science/environment" class="md-crosslink autoxref" data-show-preview="true">环境< /a>和缺乏地表水。最常见的致命疾病肠道(腹泻和消化疾病)和呼吸(肺炎和肺结核)。< /p>  <span class="marker p5">< /< /span> </section> </section> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> </body> </html>