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grid gx-0 align-items-center border-bottom bg-white rounded-tl-lg rounded-tr-lg shadow"> <div class="col"> <div class="p-15 text-truncate"> <a class="font-serif font-weight-bold font-14 text-black link-blue" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy">意大利< /a> </div> </div> <div class="col-auto"> <button class="js-sections-close-button btn-link btn-sm btn py-5 pl-0 pr-10 mr-10"><em class="material-icons " data-icon="close"></em></button> </div> </div> <div class="section-content pt-10 pb-15 pr-10 pl-5 h-100 shadow"> <div class="toc ARTICLE mb-20"> <ul class="list-unstyled mb-0" data-level="h1"> <li data-target="#ref1"><a class="ml-25" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy">介绍&快速的事实< /a> <div class="ml-40 toc-drawer sub-toc-drawer"></div></li> <li data-target="#ref26958"> <div class="d-flex align-items-center"> <button class="h1-link-drawer-button btn btn-xs btn-circle d-flex rounded" type="button" aria-label="Toggle Heading"><em class="material-icons font-18" 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href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Manufacturing">采矿和采石< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h3"> <li data-target="#ref26998"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Manufacturing">重工业的发展< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h3"> <li data-target="#ref258787"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Manufacturing">轻工业< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h3"> <li data-target="#ref26999"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Manufacturing">建设< /a></li> </ul></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h2"> <li data-target="#ref27002"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Finance">金融< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h2"> <li data-target="#ref27003"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Trade">贸易< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h2"> <li data-target="#ref258788"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Services-and-tourism">服务和旅游< /a> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h3"> <li data-target="#ref258789"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Services-and-tourism">业务服务< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h3"> <li data-target="#ref258830"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Services-and-tourism">旅游< /a></li> </ul></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h2"> <li data-target="#ref258790"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Labour-and-taxation">劳动力和税收< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h2"> <li data-target="#ref27004"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Transportation-and-telecommunications">交通和通信< /a> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h3"> <li data-target="#ref27005"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Transportation-and-telecommunications">水路运输< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h3"> <li data-target="#ref27006"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Transportation-and-telecommunications">铁路运输< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h3"> <li data-target="#ref27007"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Transportation-and-telecommunications">道路运输< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h3"> <li data-target="#ref27008"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Transportation-and-telecommunications">航空运输< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h3"> <li data-target="#ref258791"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Transportation-and-telecommunications">电信< /a></li> </ul></li> </ul> </div></li> <li data-target="#ref27009"> <div class="d-flex align-items-center"> <button class="h1-link-drawer-button btn btn-xs btn-circle d-flex rounded" type="button" aria-label="Toggle Heading"><em class="material-icons font-18" data-icon="keyboard_arrow_right"></em></button> <a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Government-and-society">政府和社会< /a> </div> <div class="ml-40 toc-drawer sub-toc-drawer"> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h2"> <li data-target="#ref258792"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Government-and-society">宪法框架< /a> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h3"> <li data-target="#ref258793"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Government-and-society">1948年宪法< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h3"> <li data-target="#ref258794"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/The-legislature">立法机关< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h3"> <li data-target="#ref258795"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/The-legislature">总统办公室< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h3"> <li data-target="#ref258796"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/The-legislature">政府< /a></li> </ul></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h2"> <li data-target="#ref258797"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Regional-and-local-government">地区和地方政府< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h2"> <li data-target="#ref27020"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Justice">正义< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h2"> <li data-target="#ref258798"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Political-process">政治进程< /a> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h3"> <li data-target="#ref258799"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Political-process">选举制度< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h3"> <li data-target="#ref258800"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Political-process">政党< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h3"> <li data-target="#ref258801"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Political-process">公民的参与< /a></li> </ul></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h2"> <li data-target="#ref27021"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Security">安全< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h2"> <li data-target="#ref27023"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Security">健康和福利< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h2"> <li data-target="#ref258802"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Security">住房< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h2"> <li data-target="#ref27022"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Education">教育< /a></li> </ul> </div></li> <li data-target="#ref27024"> <div class="d-flex align-items-center"> <button class="h1-link-drawer-button btn btn-xs btn-circle d-flex rounded" type="button" aria-label="Toggle Heading"><em class="material-icons font-18" data-icon="keyboard_arrow_right"></em></button> <a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Education">文化生活< /a> </div> <div class="ml-40 toc-drawer sub-toc-drawer"> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h2"> <li data-target="#ref258803"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Education">文化环境< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h2"> <li data-target="#ref27025"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Daily-life-and-social-customs">日常生活与社会习俗< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h2"> <li data-target="#ref27026"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/The-arts">艺术< /a> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h3"> <li data-target="#ref27027"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/The-arts">视觉艺术< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h3"> <li data-target="#ref258804"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/The-arts">体系结构< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h3"> <li data-target="#ref27028"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/The-arts">文学< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h3"> <li data-target="#ref27029"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Music">音乐< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h3"> <li data-target="#ref27030"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Music">剧院< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h3"> <li data-target="#ref27031"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Music">电影< /a></li> </ul></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h2"> <li data-target="#ref27032"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Cultural-institutions">文化机构< /a> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h3"> <li data-target="#ref27033"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Cultural-institutions">博物馆和美术馆< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h3"> <li data-target="#ref27034"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Cultural-institutions">库< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h3"> <li data-target="#ref27035"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Cultural-institutions">文化研究院< /a></li> </ul></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h2"> <li data-target="#ref27037"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Cultural-institutions">体育和娱乐< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h2"> <li data-target="#ref27043"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Media-and-publishing">媒体和出版< /a></li> </ul> </div></li> <li data-target="#ref214430"> <div class="d-flex align-items-center"> <button class="h1-link-drawer-button btn btn-xs btn-circle d-flex rounded" type="button" aria-label="Toggle Heading"><em class="material-icons font-18" data-icon="keyboard_arrow_right"></em></button> <a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/History">历史< /a> </div> <div class="ml-40 toc-drawer sub-toc-drawer"> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h2"> <li data-target="#ref27618"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/History">意大利中世纪早期< /a> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h3"> <li data-target="#ref27619" class="has-children"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/History">晚期罗马帝国和东哥特人< /a> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h4"> <li data-target="#ref27620"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/History">世纪的政治趋势< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h4"> <li data-target="#ref27621"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/History">Ostrogothic王国< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h4"> <li data-target="#ref27622"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/History">罗马世界的终结< /a></li> </ul></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h3"> <li data-target="#ref27623" class="has-children"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Lombards-and-Byzantines">伦巴第和修< /a> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h4"> <li data-target="#ref27624"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/The-Lombard-kingdom-584-774">朗伯德王国,584 - 774< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h4"> <li data-target="#ref27625"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Popes-and-exarchs-590-800">教皇和军官,590 - 800< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h4"> <li data-target="#ref27626"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Ethnic-identity-and-government">民族认同和政府< /a> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h5"> <li data-target="#ref27627"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Ethnic-identity-and-government">意大利伦巴第< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h5"> <li data-target="#ref27628"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Ethnic-identity-and-government">拜占庭式的意大利< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h5"> <li data-target="#ref27629"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Ethnic-identity-and-government">伦巴第和拜占庭国家之间的相似之处< /a></li> </ul></li> </ul></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h3"> <li data-target="#ref27630" class="has-children"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Carolingian-and-post-Carolingian-Italy-774-962">和意大利post-Carolingian、774 - 962< /a> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h4"> <li data-target="#ref27631"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Carolingian-and-post-Carolingian-Italy-774-962">意大利的国< /a> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h5"> <li data-target="#ref27632"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/The-role-of-Rome">罗马的作用< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h5"> <li data-target="#ref27633"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/The-reign-of-Berengar-I">Berengar我的统治< /a></li> </ul></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h4"> <li data-target="#ref27634"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/The-south-774-1000">南方,774 - 1000< /a></li> </ul></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h3"> <li data-target="#ref27635"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Literature-and-art">文学和艺术< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h3"> <li data-target="#ref27636" class="has-children"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Economy-and-society">经济和社会< /a> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h4"> <li data-target="#ref27637"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Economy-and-society">在农村社会经济发展< /a> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h5"> <li data-target="#ref27638"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Economy-and-society">生活培养< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h5"> <li data-target="#ref27639"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Economy-and-society">贵族的力量< /a></li> </ul></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h4"> <li data-target="#ref27640"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Socioeconomic-developments-in-the-city">社会经济的发展< /a></li> </ul></li> </ul></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h2"> <li data-target="#ref27641"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Italy-962-1300">意大利,962 - 1300< /a> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h3"> <li data-target="#ref27642" class="has-children"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Italy-962-1300">意大利的撒克逊人的皇帝< /a> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h4"> <li data-target="#ref27643"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Italy-962-1300">Ottonian系统< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h4"> <li data-target="#ref27644"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Italy-962-1300">社会和经济发展< /a></li> </ul></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h3"> <li data-target="#ref27645" class="has-children"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/The-reform-movement-and-the-Salian-emperors">改革运动和撒利族的皇帝< /a> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h4"> <li data-target="#ref27646"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/The-papacy-and-the-Normans">教皇和诺曼人< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h4"> <li data-target="#ref27647"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/The-Investiture-Controversy">授职仪式的争议< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h4"> <li data-target="#ref27649"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/The-rise-of-communes">公社的崛起< /a></li> </ul></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h3"> <li data-target="#ref27650" class="has-children"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/The-age-of-the-Hohenstaufen">霍亨斯陶芬王朝的时代< /a> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h4"> <li data-target="#ref27651"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Frederick-I-Frederick-Barbarossa">弗雷德里克我(弗雷德里克·巴尔巴罗萨)< /a> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h5"> <li data-target="#ref27652"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Frederick-I-Frederick-Barbarossa">Papal-imperial关系< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h5"> <li data-target="#ref27653"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Institutional-reforms">机构改革< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h5"> <li data-target="#ref27654"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Institutional-reforms">意大利北部< /a></li> </ul></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h4"> <li data-target="#ref27655"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Economic-and-cultural-developments">经济和文化发展< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h4"> <li data-target="#ref27656"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Henry-VI">亨利六世< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h4"> <li data-target="#ref27657"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Henry-VI">奥托四世< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h4"> <li data-target="#ref27658"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Frederick-II">弗雷德里克二世< /a> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h5"> <li data-target="#ref27659"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Frederick-II">关系教皇< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h5"> <li data-target="#ref27660"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Frederick-II">耶路撒冷的王国< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h5"> <li data-target="#ref27661"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Frederick-II">西西里王国< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h5"> <li data-target="#ref27662"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/The-war-in-northern-Italy">在意大利北部的战争< /a></li> </ul></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h4"> <li data-target="#ref27663"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/The-factors-shaping-political-factions">政治派系形成的因素< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h4"> <li data-target="#ref27664"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/The-end-of-Hohenstaufen-rule">霍亨斯陶芬王朝统治的结束< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h4"> <li data-target="#ref27665"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/The-end-of-Hohenstaufen-rule">经济发展< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h4"> <li data-target="#ref27666"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Cultural-developments">文化发展< /a></li> </ul></li> </ul></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h2"> <li data-target="#ref27667"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Italy-in-the-14th-and-15th-centuries">十四和十五世纪的意大利< /a> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h3"> <li data-target="#ref27668"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Italy-in-the-14th-and-15th-centuries">期的特征< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h3"> <li data-target="#ref27669" class="has-children"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Italy-to-c-1380">意大利c。1380< /a> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h4"> <li data-target="#ref27670"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Italy-to-c-1380">王国南部和教皇国< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h4"> <li data-target="#ref27671"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/The-popolo-and-the-formation-of-the-signorie-in-central-and-northern-Italy">的<em>popolo< /em>和的形成<em>signorie< /em>在意大利中部和北部< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h4"> <li data-target="#ref27672"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Venice-in-the-14th-century">威尼斯在14世纪< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h4"> <li data-target="#ref27673"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Florence-in-the-14th-century">佛罗伦萨在14世纪< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h4"> <li data-target="#ref27674"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Economic-change">经济变革< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h4"> <li data-target="#ref27675"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Famine-war-and-plague-1340-80">饥荒、战争、瘟疫(1340 - 80)< /a></li> </ul></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h3"> <li data-target="#ref27676" class="has-children"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Italy-from-c-1380-to-c-1500">意大利从1380 c。c。1500< /a> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h4"> <li data-target="#ref27677"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Italy-from-c-1380-to-c-1500">政治发展,1380 - 1454< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h4"> <li data-target="#ref27678"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/The-states-of-Italy-in-the-15th-century">15世纪意大利的国家< /a> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h5"> <li data-target="#ref258856"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/The-states-of-Italy-in-the-15th-century">南方君主国和教皇国< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h5"> <li data-target="#ref27679"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Venice">威尼斯< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h5"> <li data-target="#ref27680"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Florence">弗洛伦斯< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h5"> <li data-target="#ref27681"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Milan">米兰< /a></li> </ul></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h4"> <li data-target="#ref27682"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/The-first-French-invasion">第一个法国入侵< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h4"> <li data-target="#ref27683"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Savonarola">萨沃纳罗拉< /a></li> </ul></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h3"> <li data-target="#ref27684" class="has-children"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/The-early-Italian-Renaissance">意大利文艺复兴早期< /a> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h4"> <li data-target="#ref27685"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/The-early-Italian-Renaissance">人文主义< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h4"> <li data-target="#ref27686"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/The-early-Italian-Renaissance">艺术和生活知识< /a></li> </ul></li> </ul></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h2"> <li data-target="#ref27687"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Early-modern-Italy-16th-to-18th-century">早期现代意大利(16到18世纪)< /a> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h3"> <li data-target="#ref27688" class="has-children"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Early-modern-Italy-16th-to-18th-century">从1490年代到17世纪的危机< /a> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h4"> <li data-target="#ref27689"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Early-modern-Italy-16th-to-18th-century">1494年之后,法国和西班牙对抗< /a> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h5"> <li data-target="#ref27690"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Early-modern-Italy-16th-to-18th-century">法国失去了那不勒斯获得米兰< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h5"> <li data-target="#ref27691"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Early-modern-Italy-16th-to-18th-century">西班牙收购那不勒斯< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h5"> <li data-target="#ref27692"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Early-modern-Italy-16th-to-18th-century">托斯卡纳和教皇< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h5"> <li data-target="#ref27693"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Early-modern-Italy-16th-to-18th-century">法国的胜利在伦巴第< /a></li> </ul></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h4"> <li data-target="#ref27694"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/The-age-of-Charles-V">查理五世的时代< /a> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h5"> <li data-target="#ref27695"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/The-age-of-Charles-V">新的战争< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h5"> <li data-target="#ref27696"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/The-age-of-Charles-V">西班牙意大利的胜利< /a></li> </ul></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h4"> <li data-target="#ref27697"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Spanish-Italy">西班牙意大利< /a> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h5"> <li data-target="#ref27698"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/The-Kingdom-of-Naples">那不勒斯王国< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h5"> <li data-target="#ref27699"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/The-Kingdom-of-Naples">西西里王国< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h5"> <li data-target="#ref27700"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/The-Kingdom-of-Naples">撒丁岛< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h5"> <li data-target="#ref27701"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/The-duchy-of-Milan">米兰公国< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h5"> <li data-target="#ref27702"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/The-duchy-of-Milan">元首统治和寡头共和国< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h5"> <li data-target="#ref27703"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/The-duchy-of-Milan">萨沃伊的公国< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h5"> <li data-target="#ref27704"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/The-duchy-of-Milan">托斯卡纳的公国< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h5"> <li data-target="#ref27705"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/The-duchy-of-Milan">热那亚共和国< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h5"> <li data-target="#ref27706"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/The-Republic-of-Venice">威尼斯共和国< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h5"> <li data-target="#ref27707"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/The-Papal-States">教皇国的< /a></li> </ul></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h4"> <li data-target="#ref27708"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Culture-and-society">文化和社会< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h4"> <li data-target="#ref27709"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Society-and-economy">社会和经济< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h4"> <li data-target="#ref27710"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/The-17th-century-crisis">17世纪的危机< /a></li> </ul></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h3"> <li data-target="#ref27711" class="has-children"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Reform-and-Enlightenment-in-the-18th-century">改革和18世纪启蒙运动< /a> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h4"> <li data-target="#ref27712"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Reform-and-Enlightenment-in-the-18th-century">社会和经济< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h4"> <li data-target="#ref27713"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Reform-and-Enlightenment-in-the-18th-century">政治思想和早期尝试改革< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h4"> <li data-target="#ref27714"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/The-era-of-Enlightenment-reform">启蒙时代的改革< /a> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h5"> <li data-target="#ref27715"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/The-era-of-Enlightenment-reform">米兰< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h5"> <li data-target="#ref27716"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/The-era-of-Enlightenment-reform">托斯卡纳< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h5"> <li data-target="#ref27717"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/The-era-of-Enlightenment-reform">那不勒斯和西西里< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h5"> <li data-target="#ref27718"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/The-era-of-Enlightenment-reform">其他的意大利国家< /a></li> </ul></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h4"> <li data-target="#ref27719"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/The-era-of-Enlightenment-reform">旧政权的危机< /a></li> </ul></li> </ul></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h2"> <li data-target="#ref27720"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Revolution-restoration-and-unification">革命,恢复和统一< /a> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h3"> <li data-target="#ref27721" class="has-children"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Revolution-restoration-and-unification">法国革命时期< /a> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h4"> <li data-target="#ref27722"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Revolution-restoration-and-unification">早期< /a> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h5"> <li data-target="#ref27723"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Revolution-restoration-and-unification">法国入侵意大利< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h5"> <li data-target="#ref27724"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Revolution-restoration-and-unification">复兴运动的根源< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h5"> <li data-target="#ref27725"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/The-Italian-republics-of-1796-99">意大利共和国1796 - 99< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h5"> <li data-target="#ref27726"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/The-Italian-republics-of-1796-99">共和国的崩溃< /a></li> </ul></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h4"> <li data-target="#ref27727"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/The-French-Consulate-1799-1804">法国领事馆,1799 - 1804< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h4"> <li data-target="#ref27728"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/The-Napoleonic-empire-1804-14">拿破仑帝国,1804 - 14< /a> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h5"> <li data-target="#ref258857"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/The-Napoleonic-empire-1804-14">意大利北部和中部< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h5"> <li data-target="#ref27729"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/The-Napoleonic-empire-1804-14">那不勒斯王国< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h5"> <li data-target="#ref27730"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/The-Napoleonic-empire-1804-14">撒丁岛和西西里岛< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h5"> <li data-target="#ref27731"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/The-Napoleonic-empire-1804-14">法国统治的结束< /a></li> </ul></li> </ul></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h3"> <li data-target="#ref27732" class="has-children"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/The-restoration-period">恢复时期< /a> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h4"> <li data-target="#ref27733"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/The-restoration-period">维也纳定居< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h4"> <li data-target="#ref27734"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/The-restoration-period">经济衰退和复苏< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h4"> <li data-target="#ref27735"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/The-rebellions-of-1831-and-their-aftermath">1831年及其后的叛乱< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h4"> <li data-target="#ref27736"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/The-Revolutions-of-1848">1848年的革命< /a></li> </ul></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h3"> <li data-target="#ref27737" class="has-children"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Unification">统一< /a> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h4"> <li data-target="#ref27738"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Unification">皮埃蒙特的作用< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h4"> <li data-target="#ref27739"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/The-war-of-1859">1859年的战争< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h4"> <li data-target="#ref27740"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Garibaldi-and-the-Thousand">加里波第,千< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h4"> <li data-target="#ref27741"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Condition-of-the-Italian-kingdom">意大利王国的条件< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h4"> <li data-target="#ref27742"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/The-acquisition-of-Venetia-and-Rome">威尼西亚和罗马的收购< /a></li> </ul></li> </ul></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h2"> <li data-target="#ref27743"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Italy-from-1870-to-1945">意大利从1870年到1945年< /a> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h3"> <li data-target="#ref27744" class="has-children"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Italy-from-1870-to-1945">从1870年到1914年发展< /a> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h4"> <li data-target="#ref27745"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Italy-from-1870-to-1945">政治和政治体制,1870 - 87< /a> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h5"> <li data-target="#ref27746"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Forces-of-opposition">反对的力量< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h5"> <li data-target="#ref27747"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Land-reform">土地改革< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h5"> <li data-target="#ref27748"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Land-reform">贸易保护主义< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h5"> <li data-target="#ref27749"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Social-changes">社会变化< /a></li> </ul></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h4"> <li data-target="#ref27750"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/The-Crispi-era-1887-1900">Crispi时代,1887 - 1900< /a> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h5"> <li data-target="#ref258858"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/The-Crispi-era-1887-1900">国内政策< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h5"> <li data-target="#ref27751"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/The-Crispi-era-1887-1900">殖民主义< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h5"> <li data-target="#ref27752"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/The-Crispi-era-1887-1900">年的危机< /a></li> </ul></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h4"> <li data-target="#ref27753"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/The-Giolitti-era-1900-14">Giolitti时代,1900 - 14所示< /a> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h5"> <li data-target="#ref27754"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/The-Giolitti-era-1900-14">国内政策< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h5"> <li data-target="#ref27755"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Economic-developments">经济发展< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h5"> <li data-target="#ref27756"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Economic-developments">健康和教育< /a></li> </ul></li> </ul></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h3"> <li data-target="#ref27757" class="has-children"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/World-War-I-and-fascism">第一次世界大战和法西斯主义< /a> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h4"> <li data-target="#ref27758"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/World-War-I-and-fascism">战争及其后果< /a> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h5"> <li data-target="#ref258859"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/World-War-I-and-fascism">战争的行为< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h5"> <li data-target="#ref27759"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/The-cost-of-victory">胜利的代价< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h5"> <li data-target="#ref27760"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Economic-and-political-crisis-the-two-red-years">经济和政治危机:“两年红”< /a></li> </ul></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h4"> <li data-target="#ref27761"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/The-Fascist-era">法西斯时代< /a> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h5"> <li data-target="#ref27762"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/The-Fascist-era">墨索里尼的崛起< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h5"> <li data-target="#ref27763"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/The-end-of-constitutional-rule">宪法规定的结束< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h5"> <li data-target="#ref27764"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Anti-Fascist-movements">反法西斯运动< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h5"> <li data-target="#ref27765"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Economic-policy">经济政策< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h5"> <li data-target="#ref27766"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Foreign-policy">外交政策< /a></li> </ul></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h4"> <li data-target="#ref27767"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/World-War-II">第二次世界大战< /a> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h5"> <li data-target="#ref258860"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/World-War-II">军事灾难< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h5"> <li data-target="#ref258861"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/End-of-the-regime">政权的结束< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h5"> <li data-target="#ref258878"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/The-republic-of-Salo-the-Italian-Social-Republic-and-the-German-occupation">共和国萨罗城(意大利社会共和国)和德国占领< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h5"> <li data-target="#ref27769"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/The-partisans-and-the-Resistance">游击队和阻力< /a></li> </ul></li> </ul></li> </ul></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h2"> <li data-target="#ref214431"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Italy-since-1945">自1945年以来,意大利< /a> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h3"> <li data-target="#ref258863" class="has-children"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Italy-since-1945">第二战后数十年< /a> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h4"> <li data-target="#ref258864"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Italy-since-1945">意大利共和国的诞生< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h4"> <li data-target="#ref27772"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/The-Cold-War-political-order">冷战政治秩序< /a> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h5"> <li data-target="#ref27773"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/The-Cold-War-political-order">政党和政党派系< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h5"> <li data-target="#ref27774"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/The-Cold-War-political-order">外交政策< /a></li> </ul></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h4"> <li data-target="#ref27775"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/The-economic-miracle">经济奇迹< /a> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h5"> <li data-target="#ref27776"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/The-economic-miracle">工业增长< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h5"> <li data-target="#ref27778"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/The-economic-miracle">土地改革< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h5"> <li data-target="#ref27779"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/The-economic-miracle">南< /a></li> </ul></li> </ul></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h3"> <li data-target="#ref258865" class="has-children"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Italy-from-the-1960s">意大利从1960年代< /a> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h4"> <li data-target="#ref27780"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Italy-from-the-1960s">人口和社会变革< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h4"> <li data-target="#ref258866"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Economic-stagnation-and-labour-militancy-in-the-1960s-and-70s">经济停滞和劳动力战斗在1960年代和70年代< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h4"> <li data-target="#ref258867"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Student-protest-and-social-movements-1960s-to-80s">学生抗议和社会运动,1960年代到80年代< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h4"> <li data-target="#ref258868"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Terrorism">恐怖主义< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h4"> <li data-target="#ref258869"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Politics-in-the-1970s-and-80s">政治在1970年代和80年代< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h4"> <li data-target="#ref27782"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Politics-in-the-1970s-and-80s">地方政府< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h4"> <li data-target="#ref27784"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/The-economy-in-the-1980s">美国经济在1980年代< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h4"> <li data-target="#ref258870"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/The-fight-against-organized-crime">打击有组织犯罪< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h4"> <li data-target="#ref27785"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Italy-at-the-turn-of-the-21st-century">意大利的21世纪< /a> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h5"> <li data-target="#ref258871"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Italy-at-the-turn-of-the-21st-century">出现的“第二共和”< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h5"> <li data-target="#ref258872"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Economic-strength">经济实力< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h5"> <li data-target="#ref258873"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/A-new-political-landscape">一个新的政治格局< /a> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h6"> <li data-target="#ref301268"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/A-new-political-landscape">贝卢斯科尼的崛起< /a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled" data-level="h6"> <li data-target="#ref301269"><a class="w-100" href="//www.rctutku.com/place/Italy/Shifting-power">权力转移< /a>< /< /li> </ul></li> </ul></li> </ul></li> </ul></li> </ul> </div></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> </body> </html>