分枝杆菌,属的杆状细菌家庭的分支杆菌科(订单放线菌目),最重要的物种,结核分枝杆菌和麻风杆菌,在人类引起结核病和麻风病,分别。牛分枝杆菌引起肺结核在牛和人类。一些分枝杆菌腐生菌(即。,they live on decaying organic matter), and others are obligate parasites. Most are found in soil and water in a free-living form or in diseased tissue of animals. Streptomycin, rifampin, and species-specific antimicrobial agents have had some success in treating分枝杆菌感染。

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