了解西格蒙德·弗洛伊德的有争议的理论,精神分析的创始人

神经学家。知识分子。先锋。西格蒙德·弗洛伊德是谁?西格蒙德·弗洛伊德出生于1856年5月6日,在弗赖堡,摩拉维亚,在奥地利帝国。当他四岁的时候,他的家人搬到维也纳,在那里他将在接下来的78年里生活。弗洛伊德1873年进入维也纳大学医学院神经学产生了浓厚的兴趣。他极大地影响了约瑟夫·布鲁尔和吉恩夏科,医生用催眠治疗所谓的“歇斯底里”的症状。布鲁尔和弗洛伊德认为这些症状来自心灵,没有大脑,他们鼓励病人用言语表达的思想。弗洛伊德区分自己从布鲁尔放弃使用催眠和阐述性的理论和思想。 Freud believed that encouraging patients to verbalize their thoughts in a free associative way allowed him to analyze their underlying mental processes, giving him access to their unconscious. He outlined this revolutionary practice, called psychoanalysis, in his work The Interpretation of Dreams in 1900. Freud developed numerous other theories, many of which were greeted with skepticism. He believed sexual drive was the main force behind the mind’s energy, causing phenomena like the Oedipus complex and psychosexual stages of development. While many of his theories have been rejected, Freud’s focus on the mind had an enormous impact on the world of psychology, changing how people look at mental disorders, development, motivation, and more. Freud died on September 23, 1939, after a sixteen-year battle with cancer. Despite intense criticism against his ideas, Freud changed the way psychologists look at the mind, cementing his place as one of the most influential intellectuals in history.